Pauling is really great, I agree that he should be more well-known (I, myself, am partial to Dirac, who predicted the existence of anti-matter out of pure math). But you have to realize that Newton and (maybe to a lesser degree) Einstein contributions were of another class.
Newton took Galileo's ideas -- that things tend to keep moving if they're left alone -- and built a whole mathematical theory on top of that, inventing calculus in the process. In a sense, it was the beginning of what we today call Physics.
Einstein was the first to notice (and convinced everyone) that the Lorentz transformation is not just a mathematical trick, it's the very way the space and time works. This itself was not that impressive, he was just giving a "new spin" on what everyone had already observed. But then he went on to show that the "right way" to understand gravity is by noting that it's just a side-effect of mass bending the space and time -- this has lots of consequences that were unknown at the time, like gravity bending light, gravity making time pass at different rates, and a lot other stuff, all of which turned out to be right.
Quantum Mechanics and its implications (like the electron shell), on the other hand, were discovered bit by bit by a lot of different people. That's why no one is hugely famous for it (even though there are certainly big names like Planck, Einstein, Bohr, Heisenberg, Born, Schrodinger, Dirac, Pauli, etc.).
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